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Tübingen 1 Screen Q - Z
Genes identified in the Tübingen 1 Screen: Q - Z
A-H | I-P | Phenotypic groups
| quark qua |
tg239d, tk236, to241b, tp72g, tv46, tc276a | d3 | adult viable | Reduced or no xanthophore pigmentation. d4 yellow pigment almost absent, reduced or no fluorescence, mainly dorsally and ventrally, fluorescence not detectable in head. d6, cells less dendritic. No obvious phenotype in homozygous adults. Allele strength: to241b>tg239d>tv46>tc276a | Odenthal et al. 1996a, Kelsh et al. 1996 |
| quasimodo qam |
ta81, tf208, tm138b, tb244c, tw25a, ty41 | d1 | embryonic lethal | Undulated notochord, various bulges and thickenings of the notochord, looks like notochord tumors. Few and tiny melanophores. Pale melanin pigmentation. | Odenthal et al. 1996, Kelsh et al. 1996 |
| quetschkommode que |
ti274 | d1 | embryonic lethal | Uncoordinated contraction of trunk muscles resulting in a contracted wavy notochord, 10 to 20% shorter than wild type. | Granato et al. 1996a, Odenthal et al. 1996 |
| quiet heart quh |
tq268 | d1 | embryonic lethal | Nearly silent heart, weak beat of both heart chambers. | Chen et al. 1996 |
| rafels rfl |
tb233b, tp66, tc228, tm235b, tq266c, tr240, tc280b, tg308b, tp226 (lost), te217, tz245, te370b | d2 | adult viable | Fin necrosis. No obvious phenotype in homozygous adults. | van Eeden et al. 1996a |
| relaxed red |
ts25 | 20som | embryonic lethal | Immotile from the beginning, muscle striation and everything else looks normal. | Granato et al. 1996a |
| retsina ret |
tr217, tr265 | d3 | embryonic viable | Decreasing blood count. Few if any cells in circulation by d5. Erythrocytes appear to get stuck in the tail. | Ransom et al. 1996 |
| ricotta ric |
tb212 | d3 | adult viable | Reduced xanthophore pigmentation. No obvious phenotype in homozygous adults. | Odenthal et al. 1996a, Kelsh et al. 1996 |
| roller coaster roc |
tc239d | d3 | embryonic lethal | d3, embryos begin to shrink to variable degrees and lose touch sensitivity, but start swimming spontanously by contracting on both sides and then swim like crazy. d5, almost 50% shorter than wild type siblings, same behavior as on d3. | Granato et al. 1996a, Odenthal et al. 1996 |
| rolling stones rst |
tl20e | d4 | adult viable | Loose otoliths, usually lying close to one another at odd positions in the ear. | Whitfield et al. 1996 |
| rosine rne |
tm70h | d4 | adult viable | d4, small lens, d5, looks like weak lens degeneration, phenotype weaker than in bumper and korinthe. Homozygous adult phenotype: Smaller lens (retina never overgrows lens). | Heisenberg et al. 1996, Haffter et al. 1996b |
| runzel ruz |
tk258 | d3 | embryonic lethal | d3, reduced motility, somite degeneration. d5, thin tail, severe somite degeneration. | Granato et al. 1996a |
| sahne sah |
tq251e | d1 | embryonic lethal | Melanophores pale, and by d1 small and spot-like. From d3 on they collect abnormally below ear and in piles in the dorsal stripe and on hindgut. Xanthophores very faint, iridophores probably slightly duller and number decreased in body. Pigmented retinal epithelium is black, eyes and ears are smaller by d5. | Kelsh et al. 1996, Heisenberg et al. 1996, Whitfield et al. 1996 |
| sallow sll |
tu43 | d1 | embryonic lethal | Melanophores all very small and spot-like, collect abnormally under the ears, on hindgut and around the eyes, number of melanophores reduced, iridophores very dull and whitish, xanthophores very pale, but granular. Pigmented retinal epithelium very pale, eye degenerates d4, tectal degeneration. d5, general retardation. | Kelsh et al. 1996, Heisenberg et al. 1996, Furutani-Seiki et al. 1996 |
| saltarin slt |
ty63 | d2 | embryonic lethal | d2, tail variably curved. Neurocoel indistinct, but present. Some with circulation problems. d5, variably bent (up, sideways or S-shaped). | Brand et al. 1996a |
| saltimbanqui stb |
tb241b | d3 | embryonic lethal | d3, most posterior 20% of tail curled up. d5, floor plate indistinct in trunk and tail region, floor plate appears normal at the tip of the tail. Spinal cord appears granular throughout its entire length. Eyes are smaller and slightly oval, with largest diameter along antero-posterior axis. Midbrain is slightly smaller, resulting in an appearance similar to flat head. Slightly hanging hyoid. Gut development and yolk absorption is slightly retarded. | Brand et al. 1996a |
| salz sal |
tf34, tp71c, tm246b, tf238b, tt254a, tb213c, tl241 | d2 | adult viable | Reduced number of xanthophores, greenish cells present, fluorescent cells present mainly in the head, d6, number of xanthophores strongly reduced in tail and ventrally. Recessive adult phenotype: No blue stripes in fins, fading out stripes in body. Dominant adult phenotype: Interrupted blue stripes. Allele strength: tf238b>tl241 | Odenthal et al. 1996a, Kelsh et al. 1996, Haffter et al. 1996b |
| samson sam |
tb233a | d2 | embryonic lethal | d2, short embryo, posterior yolk extension and somites are wider along the dorso-ventral axis, somites are denser along antero-posterior axis. Posterior notochord not properly vacuolated. d5, notochord is irregular and slightly kinked, especially at the tip. Very few develop a swimbladder. | Hammerschmidt et al. 1996 |
| sancho panza sch |
tr284 | 10som | embryonic lethal | 10somites, embryos retarded, reduced body axis, epiboly defects. d1, tail truncated or with sharp kinks. Phenotype variable. Head is reduced in some cases. Enlarged heart cavity, but heart forms and beats. Blocky somites. Most embryos die between d2-d5. A few form a swimbladder. | Hammerschmidt et al. 1996 |
| sandy sdy |
te326, ty79, tk20, tm118, to102, to1(s) | d1 | adult semiviable | No melanin visible in body and eyes. No dopa staining in eye and body. Homozygous adults are yellow with red eyes. to102 is a weak allele. | Kelsh et al. 1996, Haffter et al. 1996b |
| santa san |
ty219c, m775 | d2 | embryonic lethal | d1, heart contracting normally, but blood caught in the yolk. d2, both heart chambers enlarged, slow contraction. d3, both heart chambers and outflow tract enlarged, single myocardium layer in the ventricle, no circulation. | Chen et al. 1996 |
| sapje sap |
tj7, tm90c | d4 | embryonic viable | d3, muscles appear disorganized under reflective light. d4, trunk and tail skinny, probably due to reduced muscle tissue, progressive muscle degeneration, do not swim far after touch. | Granato et al. 1996a, van Eeden et al. 1996 |
| sauternes sau |
tb223, ty121 | d1 | embryonic viable | Hypochromic, completely colourless blood, decreasing number of blood cells, ty121 is homozygous viable, tb223 is homozygous semilethal. | Ransom et al. 1996 |
| scabland sbd |
tm337c | d1 | embryonic lethal | d1, slightly disorganized morphology of hindbrain, necrotic-looking. d2, still necrotic-looking, midbrain is affected more severely than the other parts, slightly enlarged hindbrain ventricle, smaller eyes. d3, head shape and eye size are normal. d5, small basal hyoid, less V-shaped arches, enlarged heart cavity, protruding lower jaw. | Jiang et al. 1996 |
| schlaffi sla |
th239, ty112, tg230 (lost) | d3 | embryonic lethal | d2, reduced motility, do not rotate in chorion, normal muscle striation, fast buzzing movements. d3, jumping movements. d5, somites contracted and notochord degenerating in 50% of the embryos. | Granato et al. 1996a, Odenthal et al. 1996 |
| schmalhans smh |
tn222a | d1 | embryonic lethal | Curly tail down, indistinct floorplate in posterior trunk and tail, floor plate not visible under dissecting microscope but clearly present under compound microscope. No effect on eye position. | Brand et al. 1996a |
| schmalspur sur |
ty68b | d1 | embryonic lethal | d1, tail curled down, floor plate or neurocoel not detectable, except in the tip of the tail. Loss of median brain structures. Often notch behind mid-hindbrain boundary. Eyes turned in posteriorly and ventrally, associated with loss of median ventral neurocranium. | Brand et al. 1996a, Piotrowski et al. 1996 |
| schmerle she |
th210, tg203e | d3 | embryonic lethal | Mouth opening points ventrally and lies further posterior. Cartilaginous elements of the first two arches are reduced. Meckel's lies further posterior and is fused to the palatoquadrate. Posterior pole of palatoquadrate curves either medially or laterally. Ceratohyals (second arch) are drastically reduced in size and not in contact with dorsal components of the arch any more. Dorsal part of hyosymplectic cartilage is broader. Additional small pieces of cartilage are located next to the basihyal and sometimes symplectic. The ceratobranchials of the posterior arches are reduced in length. Neurocranium is unaffected. | Piotrowski et al. 1996 |
| schnecke sne |
tt253 | d2 | embryonic lethal | Reduced muscle striation, reduced motility. | Granato et al. 1996a |
| schnitter snt |
tg226c | d1 | embryonic lethal | d1, curly tail down, eyes already a little smaller. d2, tail not more than 45 degrees off from plane of curl, eyes small. Tectum necrosis. d3, general brain necrosis, eyes getting smaller. d4, tiny eyes. d5, general necrosis. | Brand et al. 1996a |
| schwammerl sml |
tt279b, tg252 | d4 | embryonic lethal | Degenerating somites, reduced muscle striation, reduced motility. | Granato et al. 1996a |
| scotch tape sco |
te382, tt239 | d2 | adult viable | Thin matrix between myocardium and endocardium, endothelia in tail disrupted. Fluid sac in ventral fin anterior to anus. Homozygous viable and fertile adults. | Chen et al. 1996 |
| screamer ser |
tk18 | d4 | embryonic lethal | d4, flathead-like. Reduced eyes and brain. Alcian blue staining: Variable disruption of anterior arches, Meckel's sometimes points ventrally. Ceratohyal kinked and pointing posteriorly. Loss and/or reduction of gill arches. Remnants of arches 3, 4, 5 and 7 usually present. Arch 4 usually absent. | Schilling et al. 1996, Heisenberg et al. 1996 |
| sense sen |
tm28a | d1 | embryonic lethal | d1, curled tail down. d2, curly tail with quite small eyes, beginning of necrosis in brain. Small eyes that are about 50% of normal size. Jaw, ear, motility normal. d5, edema and general necrosis. | Brand et al. 1996a |
| shady shd |
ty82, tp218, tc205, te295, te300, tf238c, th219, tm46a, ti263c, ty9, ty70, tj229e | d3 | adult viable | No iridophores or reduced number of iridophores, number more strongly reduced in ventral part of the eye than in the dorsal part. Homozygous adults show variable reduction in iridophores, especially in body wall and interstripes. te295 shows reduction of melanophore stripes in the adult. ty82 and tp218 strongest alleles, th219 is weakest allele. | Kelsh et al. 1996, Haffter et al. 1996b |
| shocked sho |
te301, ta51e, ta229g | d2 | embryonic lethal | d2, twitch only once, head not straight; d5, head straight, in response to touch just jumps up and falls down, then vibrates with tip of tail. Resting position sideways or upside down, similar to two. | Granato et al. 1996a |
| sickle sic |
ty71, tm123b | d1 | embryonic lethal | Curly tail down, no other defect. | Brand et al. 1996a |
| silberblick slb |
tx226, tz216 | tailbud | adult semiviable | d0, short and high shield. d1, mild cyclopia. d5, hanging jaw, no swimbladder. Low penetrance for eye phenotype. | Heisenberg et al. 1996, Piotrowski et al. 1996 |
| silent heart sih |
tc300b, b109 (g) | d1 | embryonic lethal | Silent heart, normal motility. | Chen et al. 1996 |
| sinus sin |
tr281, tw215, ts292b, ty130d | d2 | embryonic lethal | d2, tail curled down. d3, sinusoidal body shape. d5, often tail curl up, maintaining slight curl down at the tip of the tail. ts292b and tr281 form a swimbaldder. Some ts292b homozygotes have survived to adulthood. ts292b and tr281 are weak alleles. | Brand et al. 1996a |
| sleepy sly |
te223, te333, tf215b, ti272a, to216a, tm89, tp16, ts33a, ti263a, m86 | 15som | embryonic lethal | d1 short, less differentiated notochord, U-shaped somites, disorganized brain, no fin outgrowth, small eyes, lens popping out of the eyes. d2, enlarged brain ventricles, starting brain necrosis. By d5, general necrosis except in ts33a which is the weakest allele. In ts33a retinotectal axons turn rostrally after crossing the midline or grow towards the ipsilateral tectum. Allele strength: ti263a>tp16>to216a>tm89>ts33a | Odenthal et al. 1996, Karlstrom et al. 1996 |
| slinky sky |
ts254 | d2 | embryonic lethal | Reduced muscle striation, reduced motility; variable defects in circulation, edema, dented yolk. | Granato et al. 1996a, Chen et al. 1996 |
| slip jig sli |
tm117c | d2 | embryonic lethal | d1, nearly silent ventricle, weakly beating atrium, reduced or no circulation. d2, silent ventricle, no circulation. d3, edema, fibrillating atrium, general necrosis. | Chen et al. 1996 |
| slop slp |
tq235c | d2 | embryonic lethal | d2, enlarged heart atrium, blood accumulates on yolk, reduced muscle striation. d3, quiver. d5, reduced muscle striation, heart appears normal. | Granato et al. 1996a, Chen et al. 1996 |
| sloth slo |
tu44c, tm201 | 20som | embryonic lethal | Immotile, no muscle striation detectable, delineation of somites not visible in a dorsal view, heart is normal. | Granato et al. 1996a |
| slow motion slw |
tl225b | d2 | embryonic lethal | Reduced muscle striation, reduced motility. | Granato et al. 1996a |
| slow tan sln |
tg208 | d2 | embryonic lethal | Pale melanophores, number of melanophores seems reduced until d5. A very few melanophores are small and spot-like on d5. | Kelsh et al. 1996 |
| slumber slm |
tm132c, tm221, tt208 | d1 | embryonic lethal | Reduced motility, body curved laterally, shake when moving, normal muscle striation. d6, swim rather well, no swimbladder. | Granato et al. 1996a |
| smurf smf |
tf239 | d99 | adult viable | Dominant adult phenotype: Short body. No obvious skeletal abnormalities in the adult. No obvious phenotype in the embryo. | Haffter et al. 1996b |
| snailhouse snh |
ty68a | tailbud | embryonic lethal | d0, Normal until tailbud, then constriction of vegetal half, pear shaped embryo. Expanded notochord anlage, somites extend around circumference of embryo. d1, entire body axis forms an S-shape on top of yolk. | Mullins et al. 1996 |
| snakehead snk |
tm52, tl30, tj223, tw3b, tu236, to273a m115, m273, m523 | d1 | embryonic lethal | d1, no clear brain subdivisions, collapsed brain ventricles, smaller eyes and ears. d2 brain subdivisions become apparent, head is still small. Paler melanophores, enlarged heart cavity. to237a and tu236 also have curved body axis . Allele strengths: to273a,tu236>tm52 >tw3b | Jiang et al. 1996, Whitfield et al. 1996 |
| sneezy sny |
td204a, tn211, tm11, tm75, tq249b, m456, m217 | d1 | embryonic lethal | d1, short embryo, less differentiated notochord, less V-shaped somites, no fin outgrowth, enlarged brain ventricles. d2, dead. Allele strength: tn211 (short, weak heart beat)>>td204a3tm11 (long) | Odenthal et al. 1996 |
| sofa potato sop |
tj19d, ts29, tf207c | 20som | embryonic lethal | Immotile from the beginning, muscle striation and everything else looks normal until d4. d4, general degeneration. | Granato et al. 1996a |
| softy sof |
tz212, te234, tm272a | d3 | embryonic lethal | Muscle degeneration, reduced motility. | Granato et al. 1996a |
| somitabun sbn |
tc24b | tailbud | embryonic lethal | Heterozygous tc24b mothers produce embryos which have somites extend around circumference of embryo. d1, entire body axis forms an S-shape on top of yolk.c24b fathers cause a partially penetrant dominant phenotype in heterozygous offspring: loss of ventral tail fin, which is semi-lethal. Adult survivors are often short and have no tail fin. | Mullins et al. 1996 |
| sonic-you syu |
tq252 | 20som | embryonic lethal | d1, U-shaped somites, indistinct floor plate, almost no motility, no spontaneous motility. Somite phenotype less severe than yot (ty119) not clearly sortable at 18 somite stage. Reduced distance between notochord and yolk extension, dorsal aorta in tail is not visible, but the axial vein is present. d2, almost no motility, no circulation in tail, weak circulation in head. Pectoral fin anlage clearly present. d5, variably small pectoral fins, like ikarus, no obvious retinotectal projection phenotype. | van Eeden et al. 1996, Chen et al. 1996, van Eeden et al. 1996a, Granato et al. 1996a |
| space cadet spc |
ty85d, te226a | d4 | embryonic lethal | Uncoordinated muscle contraction between left and right sides; repeated flicks of tail in same direction instead of alternating left and right tail flicks. | Granato et al. 1996a |
| spaced out spo |
ts239, tm272b | d4 | adult semiviable | Uncoordinated muscle contraction between left and right sides; repeated flicks of tail in same direction instead of alternating left and right tail flicks. | Granato et al. 1996a |
| spadetail spt |
b104, tm41, tq5 | 2som | embryonic lethal | Reduced paraxial mesoderm, irregularly reduced somites, cells accumulate in tip of tail. Later retarded and slight necrosis. Variably reduced pectoral fins. | Hammerschmidt et al. 1996, Kimmel et al. 1989 |
| sparse spa |
b5(s), b134(g?), th35c (lost), tm18b, tm63a, tp44, tm228, tm102c, tj245, te237, to75b, m141, m442, m443 | d1 | adult viable | Number of melanophores dramatically reduced, most prominent in head rostral to eyes and in ventral regions; within any stripe, effect most pronounced posteriorly; cells in dorsal stripe medially located; some melanophores collect behind ear; melanophores smaller, more rounded than wild type, by d5 some collect in piles in dorsal stripe and below the ears. tm102c has a reduced jaw and arches, which may be an independent but closely linked mutation. Homozygous adult phenotype: mottled stripes, and epidermal melanophores of dorsal surface missing. Allele strength: te237, tm228, b5 > tm18b, tj245, th35c | Kelsh et al. 1996, Streisinger et al. 1986, Haffter et al. 1996b |
| sparse-like slk |
tc244b | d1 | embryonic viable | Number of melanophores dramatically reduced, most prominent in head rostral to eyes and in ventral regions; within any stripe, effect most pronounced posteriorly; cells in dorsal stripe medially located; some melanophores collect behind ear; melanophores smaller, more rounded than wild type, by d5 some collect in piles in dorsal stripe and below ear. Looks similar to strong alleles of sparse. | Kelsh et al. 1996 |
| specter spr |
ta214, tu21 | 15som | embryonic lethal | d0, starting necrosis. d1, small necrotic head, eyes hard to see, skinny body. Notochord remains comparatively normal, weak heart beat. d2, dead. | Kane et al. 1996a |
| speed bump spb |
ti279, to43, te374 | epiboly | embryonic lethal | d0, necrosis in the entire embryo except in notochord, occasionally some somites formed. d1, notochord still visible, tail formed. d2, dead. | Kane et al. 1996a |
| spine-stein sps |
to2e, th279b | d5 | adult semiviable | Material collecting in neurocoel, bent body. Homozygous adults are short. | Brand et al. 1996a, Haffter et al. 1996b |
| spirale spi |
th1, te292a, tg245a, ty219a, tg22e, tl28a, tm33, tr13, tu25a, ty7a, ty32a, ty33, ty54a, ty78, tb225, ti284b, ts210, tu228d, tf41a, ty123, tj227, tg293, tc326b, tm248, th260, te347, th36a, tj270, ty130e, tm143a, tg418, tu235a, tc322a, tk33 | d1 | embryonic lethal | Curly tail down, no other defect.tr13, tf41a and tg245a form a swimbladder. | Brand et al. 1996a |
| spock spk |
tc311 | d4 | embryonic lethal | Abnormal ear shape, pear like, tiny otoliths. | Whitfield et al. 1996 |
| stars-and-stripes sas |
tm245 (lost), tm235a, tl25, tm57a, tc21 (lost), tc318a, tu247 (lost), ty120, th274 (lost), tr254b, tz227b | d1 | adult viable | d1, melanophores slightly smaller. d2-d5, melanophores small and stellate with a pale central area, background adaptation obscures this, xanthophores smaller and more discrete. All alleles similar in pigmentation phenotype, but some alleles are lethal (tm57a, ty120, tc318a). Homozygous adults of tc21 may have thinner interstripes. Homozygous tm235a are fertile. | Kelsh et al. 1996 |
| steifftier ste |
tf220 | d4 | embryonic lethal | d4, reduced touch response: repetitive touch stimulations reduce response: 1. touch: just jumps; 2. touch: just shiver; 3. touch: no reaction. d5, expanded melanophores. | Granato et al. 1996a |
| stein und bein sub |
tq289a | d1 | Reduced number of otoliths, is linked to or has homozygous adult phenotype: Absence of pelvic fins. No crossovers found between adult and embryonic phenotype in 112 individuals. | Whitfield et al. 1996, van Eeden et al. 1996a | |
| still heart sth |
to241a, tm123a, b212 (g) | d1 | embryonic lethal | Silent heart, reduced motility. | Chen et al. 1996, Granato et al. 1996a |
| stolen pearls snp |
tq280 | d5 | adult viable | Decreased number of iridophores, most strongly in ventral stripe, iridophore band in yolk sac stripe is thinner or broken, iridophores normal in the eyes. | Kelsh et al. 1996 |
| stomp sto |
td11 | d3 | adult viable | Pectoral fins look necrosing, distal part of pectoral fins missing, subtle phenotype, partially penetrant. | van Eeden et al. 1996a |
| stone-washed stw |
tw29c | d2 | embryonic lethal | d2, melanophores very pale or small, spot-like, or fragmented on d2. d5, many melanophores are small, collect abnormally under the ears, near anus and on hindgut, in piles in dorsal stripe and around the eyes, iridophores dull, xanthophores very pale and slightly granular, pigmented retinal epithelium looks normal, general retardation. | Kelsh et al. 1996, Whitfield et al. 1996 |
| stöpsel stp |
tl28d | d99 | adult viable | Dominant adult phenotype: Short body, vertebrae are reduced in length, some are fused, thoracic portion of vertebral column most strongly affected. No obvious phenotype in the embryo. | Haffter et al. 1996b |
| stretched str |
tu255b | d2 | embryonic lethal | d1, heart beats but no circulation. d2, weak beat of both chambers, tail fin necrosis. d3, heart is elongated to a tube-like structure, general necrosis. | Chen et al. 1996 |
| stuffed stf |
tz259 | d5 | embryonic viable | Gray material in gut. | Chen et al. 1996 |
| sturgeon stu |
tg419, td204e | d3 | embryonic lethal | Cartilaginous elements of the first two arches are reduced. Mouth stays permanently open. Meckel's lies further posterior and is fused to palatoquadrate. Often, small additional pieces of cartilages posterior to Meckel's and anterior to the ceratohyal cartilage. The ceratohyal cartilages are variably reduced and consist of smaller and more irregularly aligned cells. Ceratobranchials (post. arches) are reduced in length. The neurocranium is unaffected. | Piotrowski et al. 1996, Furutani-Seiki et al. 1996 |
| submarine sum |
tr6 | d5 | adult semiviable | Expanded melanophores, not very severe, many with weak balance problems. Juveniles probably loose their swimbladder, just lie on the bottom and have severe balance problems. | Kelsh et al. 1996, Granato et al. 1996a |
| sucker suc |
tf216b | d3 | embryonic lethal | First two pharyngeal arches are severely reduced. Mouth stays permanently open and points ventrally. Particularly, Meckel's is drastically reduced. Palatoquadrate cartilage is reduced whereas pterygois process is unaffected. Dorsal part of hyosymplactic is broader. Ceratohyal is also reduced and fused to the basihyal. Ventral to the ceratohyal cartilages lie additional plate-like pieces of cartilage which cannot be identified. All ceratobranchial cartilages are present. The first basibranchial is longer than the second basibranchial. The neurocranium is unaffected. | Piotrowski et al. 1996 |
| sunbleached sbl |
to4 | d2 | embryonic lethal | Melanophores all very small, spot-like from d2 on, collect abnormally under ear, around eye and on hindgut. d5, number of melanophores clearly reduced, iridophores dull, xanthophores weakly visible and faintly granular. Pigmented retinal epithelium palish, eyes reduced in size, retarded jaw. | Kelsh et al. 1996, Heisenberg et al. 1996, Schilling et al. 1996 |
| sunrise sri |
tq253a | d4 | adult viable | Lens protrude abnormally, cornea irregular and often directly apposed to the pigmented retinal epithelium and the lens. | Heisenberg et al. 1996 |
| superglue sug |
te352 | d1 | embryonic lethal | Thin matrix between myocardium and endocardium. d1, no circulation, dent in the yolk, beating heart, edema, midbrain ventricle small; d2, enlarged atrium, atrium contracts, ventricle is nearly silent. | Chen et al. 1996, Heisenberg et al. 1996 |
| swirl swr |
ta72a, tc300a | tailbud | embryonic lethal | Expanded notochord anlage, somites extend around circumference of embryo, embryos die between 10-13 somite stage. ta72a heterozygous fathers or mothers cause a partially penetrant dominant phenotype in heterozygous offspring: loss of ventral tail fin, which is semi-lethal. Adult survivors are often short and have no tail fin. tc300a has no dominant phenotype. | Mullins et al. 1996 |
| tango tan |
to216b, tg299c | d2 | embryonic lethal | d2, enlarged atrium, small and weakly beating ventricle, reduced circulation, blood on yolk; d3, heart beats weakly, respond to touch, mild edema; to216b is a homozygous viable allele. | Chen et al. 1996 |
| tarnished tnd |
tf222c, tl33 (lost) | d2 | embryonic lethal | Iridophores very dull. | Kelsh et al. 1996 |
| tartar tar |
td9 | d3 | adult semiviable | d2, reduced xanthophore pigmentation, d4 yellow pigment visible, fluorescence everywhere like in edison, some blue fluorescent spots, possibly iridophores. Homozygous adults have pale melanophore stripes. | Odenthal et al. 1996a, Kelsh et al. 1996, Haffter et al. 1996b |
| techno trousers tnt |
tk57 | d2 | embryonic lethal | d2, crazy movements: After touch many left/right contractions. d3 begin to shrink to variable degree and loose touch sensitivity, but start swimming spontanously by contracting on both sides and then swim like crazy. d5, almost 50% shorter than wild type siblings, same behavior as on d3. | Granato et al. 1996a, Odenthal et al. 1996 |
| thunderbird tbr |
ty118b | d3 | adult viable | Decreasing number of blood cells after 3d of development to 25% of normal levels. | Ransom et al. 1996 |
| tiger tig |
ta23 | d1 | embryonic lethal | d1, curly tail down. d2, melanophores in trunk and tail form vertical stripes below notochord on medial pathway. d5, tip of tail curved down, pigment pattern is normal. | Brand et al. 1996a, Kelsh et al. 1996 |
| tilsit til |
ty130b | d2 | embryonic lethal | d2, no xanthophore pigmentation. d3, reduced xanthophore pigmentation, yellow pigment visible in head. d4, some yellow pigment visible throughout the embryo, but still reduced. Retinotectal phenotype similar to esrom: Many retinal axons stop growing on way to tectum. "onion" right behind papilla. If nasal axons reach tectum, they frequently stop anteriorly. If they grow posteriorly, the termination zone is usually greatly increased. | Odenthal et al. 1996a, Kelsh et al. 1996, Karlstrom et al. 1996, et al. 1996 |
| tinte tin |
tq266a | d1 | embryonic lethal | Recessive phenotype: Melanophores and xanthophores paler and with an elongated uni- or bipolar shape; brain degeneration beginning late on d1. d4, dead. Dominant phenotype: Melanophores weakly paler and more spindly than in wild type, xanthophores unaffected. d4, variably paler melanophores. d5, indistinguishable from wild type. | Kelsh et al. 1996, Furutani-Seiki et al. 1996 |
| tippelbruder tip |
th203 | d4 | embryonic lethal | Blood accumulates in liver. | Chen et al. 1996 |
| tofu tof |
tq213c | d2 | adult viable | Reduced xanthophore pigmentaion. d4, brownish cells visible, fluorescent cells present, but not spread out as much as normal. d6, patch of reduced fluorescence, bright spot of fluorescene in the middle of the patch, xanthophore pigment only faintly or not at all visible in the trunk, but visible in the head. Faintly yellow and granular pigment visible under the compound microscope. No obvoius phenotype in homozygous adults. Retinotectal projection phenotype similar to esrom: Many retinal axons stop growing on way to tectum and form "onion" right behind papilla. If nasal axons reach tectum, they frequently stop anteriorly. If they grow posteriorly, the termination zone is usually greatly increased. | Odenthal et al. 1996a, Kelsh et al. 1996, Karlstrom et al. 1996 |
| toned-down tod |
tz262a | d5 | embryonic lethal | Very dull iridophores. | Kelsh et al. 1996 |
| touch-down tdo |
tg243, tk49, tm267e, tp8, th208, tt245, tz310c, tp31, tq277, tv60a, tp2 | d1 | embryonic viable | d2, number of melanophores strongly reduced, some remaining melanophores pale and of normal size, but most remaining melanophores tiny (in tp8 mostly pale). Pigmented retinal epithelium looks normal, but eyes are variably reduced in size. Reduced or no touch response. d5, generally recovered, xanthophores fill spaces left by melanophores. Dopa staining comes up in pigmented retinal epitheliun, but not in body. tz310c maybe the strongest allele, tp8 is clearly the weakest. Phenotype of homozygous adults of semiviable allele tp2: Very short, round bellied fish, kink between head and trunk. tg243, tz310c, tt245, tm267e and tk49 are lethal alleles. | Kelsh et al. 1996, Granato et al. 1996a |
| tramp trp |
tm117d | d4 | embryonic lethal | Liver necrosis. | Chen et al. 1996 |
| tremblor tre |
te381b, tc318d, m116, m139, m158, m276, m736 | d1 | embryonic lethal | d1, very weakly beating heart, no circulation. d2, fibrillating heart, chaotic and irregular heart beat, general degeneration. | Chen et al. 1996 |
| trilobite tri |
tk50f, tc240, m747 | 15som | embryonic lethal | Short embryo, straight and condensed somites, wide notochord. | Hammerschmidt et al. 1996 |
| troll trl |
ts225 | 20som | embryonic lethal | d1, body shape like 17 hr embryo, arrested development of the entire embryo, development of all organs arrested. d2, no pigmentation, not hatched, still arrested development, no heart visible. | Kane et al. 1996a |
| turtle tur |
tm158, te305, tm209, tu216, tc236a, tk247, ts39, to255a, tl203, tc310 (lost), tg307, tm243c, th236b, th271, tm314, tt272a, tm292a, tz268, ta86a (lost), ti262b, tt225, tv214b | d2 | embryonic lethal | d2, reduced muscle striation, reduced motility. d5 heart cavity slightly enlarged, slightly reduced body length (5% shorter than wild type). | Granato et al. 1996a |
| tutu tut |
tg30 | d1 | adult semiviable | Severe gaps and notches in tailfin, dorsally and ventrally. Pectoral fins affected too. | van Eeden et al. 1996a |
| twitch once two |
tm335, th26, tq265 | d2 | embryonic lethal | d2, twitch only once, head not straight. d5, head straight, Just jumps and falls down, then vibrates with tip of tail. Resting position is sideways or upside down. | Granato et al. 1996a |
| twitch twice twi |
tw204, tg224a, tx209 | d4 | embryonic lethal | Uncoordinated muscle contraction between left and right sides; repeated flicks of tail in same direction instead of alternating left and right tail flicks. | Granato et al. 1996a |
| u shaped somites you |
tm146c, tz310b, ty97 | d1 | adult semiviable | d1, weak or no myoseptum, no circulation in tail. d5, U- shaped somites, reduced number of melanophores in lateral stripe. Reduced number of engrailed positive cells in somites. ty97 is lethal (bent tail, circulation defects). tm146c is homozygous viable and fertile. No obvious phenotype in homozygous adults, no maternal effect. | van Eeden et al. 1996, Chen et al. 1996 |
| u-boot ubo |
tp39 | d1 | embryonic lethal | U-shaped somites, no myoseptum, spontaneous motility is reduced, touch response is normal. No circulation defect like in you or con class of mutants, reduced number of chromatophores, irregular fin edges. The ubo gene product is required in the somites . | van Eeden et al. 1996, Kelsh et al. 1996, Granato et al. 1996a, van Eeden et al. 1996a |
| ugly duckling udu |
tu24 | d1 | embryonic lethal | d1, generally retarded. Posterior notochord undulating up and down. Somites in trunk are less V-shaped and appear disorganized near tip of tail. Enlarged heart cavity. d2, embryos about 2/3 of normal size and mostly bent sideways or down. Normal number of somites in the trunk. Myoseptum indistinct. Cells at the tip of the tail are round and disorganized and have a prominent round nucleus. In some cases, there are sharp notochord kinks near the tip of the tail. Blood cells reduced or absent. | Hammerschmidt et al. 1996 |
| ukkie uki |
tc256d | d4 | embryonic viable | Small pupil, enlarged pectoral fins, retarded ear, slightly shorter. d22, no unpaired anal fin, like dreumes. d28, 1/11 lacks unpaired dorsal fin, pectoral fins still enlarged. | Heisenberg et al. 1996 |
| umleitung uml |
ty54z | d2 | embryonic lethal | Curly tail down. Retinotectal projection phenotype: Ipsilateral or ipsilateral and contralateral retinotectal projections. Acetylated tubulin antibody labeling in 36hour embryos shows that the postoptic commissure does not form whereas the anterior commissure does form. | Karlstrom et al. 1996 |
| union jack uni |
tn16 | d1 | adult viable | d1, melanophores slightly smaller. d2, small and stellate melanophores with pale central area, phenotype obscured by background adaptation. No obvious phenotype in homozygous adults. | Kelsh et al. 1996 |
| unplugged unp |
te314b | d1 | embryonic lethal | d1, almost immotile, improve between d2 and d5 and swim. | Granato et al. 1996a |
| unsaddled uns |
tp212, tm142 | d3 | embryonic viable | No melanophores above swim bladder in ventral stripe, remaining melanophore pattern normal, iridophores normal except for a reduction in the lateral patches. | Kelsh et al. 1996 |
| van gogh vgo |
tm208, tu285 | d1 | embryonic lethal | Very small ears, no semicircular canals, single sensory patch at 120hours of development, no otx1 or mshC expression in the otic vesicles, defects in the anterior and posterior arches, circling movements and balancing problems. | Whitfield et al. 1996, Piotrowski et al. 1996 |
| vanille van |
ty6d | d2 | embryonic lethal | No visible xanthophore pigmentation, iridophores somewhat duller than in wild type, tectum degeneration and flat head, small eyes, dead on d4. | Kelsh et al. 1996, Heisenberg et al. 1996, Furutani-Seiki et al. 1996 |
| vicious cycle vic |
tg211c | d1 | embryonic lethal | d1, tail is curled down, strongly bent near trunk, tail slightly curled up in a few embryos. d2, embryos S-shaped if dechorionated on d1, some embryos with a slight twist, a few embryos with tail curled down. Tail bent sideways if not dechorionated on d1. | Brand et al. 1996a |
| viper vip |
ta52e | d1 | embryonic lethal | d1, retarded brain development. Heart is silent, but looks normal. | Jiang et al. 1996, Chen et al. 1996 |
| wanda wan |
ty127 | d99 | adult viable | Dominant adult phenotype: Melanophore stripes wavy and irregular, dorsal and anal fins absent or reduced, abnormal shape of posterior body. Frequent reduction in number of vertebrae, reduction in number of fin rays. Variable phenotype. No obvious embryonic phenotype. | Haffter et al. 1996b |
| washed-out wsh |
tm132e, tm141, tg248a, tr255 | d2 | embryonic lethal | Melanophores initially pale, by d5 some or almost all melanophores are small, spot-like and begin to accumulate below the ears and on hindgut, xanthophore pigmentation barely visible, iridophores dull. Pigmented retinal epithelium initially pale, but essentially normal by d5. | Kelsh et al. 1996 |
| wavy way |
ta85c, ta51x | d5 | embryonic lethal | d5 uncoordinated movement with low amplitude of tail flip, some swim upside down, some have expanded melanophores. | Granato et al. 1996a |
| wavy tail wat |
tm303a | d1 | adult viable | Undulating notochord in tail, reduced body length. No obvious phenotype in homozygous adults. | Odenthal et al. 1996 |
| weak atrium wea |
tw220a, m58, m229, m118 | d1 | embryonic lethal | d1, nearly silent atrium, no circulation. d2, weakly beating ventricle, silent atrium, general degradation. | Chen et al. 1996 |
| weak beat web |
tc288b | d1 | embryonic lethal | Weak beat of both heart chambers, no or little circulation. | Chen et al. 1996 |
| weg weg |
tx230 | epiboly | embryonic lethal | d0, slow epiboly, shield and most of hypoblast present, blastoderm swelling as the embryo dies. | Kane et al. 1996 |
| weiss wei |
to11 | d1 | embryonic lethal | Melanophores initially very pale, by d2 almost all very small, spot-like and collecting abnormally below the ears. Iridophores dull, xanthophores almost invisible and almost no granularity. Generally retarded by d5. | Kelsh et al. 1996, Whitfield et al. 1996, Furutani-Seiki et al. 1996 |
| weißherbst weh |
th238, tp85c | d2 | embryonic viable | Hypochromic blood, decreasing number of blood cells, homozygous semilethal . | Ransom et al. 1996 |
| what's up? wup |
tj241b | d1 | embryonic lethal | No otoliths. d5, when touched may show circling behavior or come to rest upside down. | Whitfield et al. 1996 |
| white snake wis |
tr241, m427 | d1 | embryonic lethal | d1, collapsed brain ventricles, retarded pigmentation, no touch response. d2, necrosis in tectum, no motility, weak heartbeat, no circulation, small eyes, visible muscle striation, normal melanophore pigmentation. | Jiang et al. 1996, Granato et al. 1996a |
| white tail wit |
ta52b | 15som | embryonic lethal | 17 somites, very indistinct posterior somite boundary, small dent in mid-hindbrain. d1, disorganized brain morphology. d2, abnormally shaped brain, reduced number of melanophores, no melanophores in dorsal and ventral stripe posterior to the middle of the trunk, normal melanophore pattern but reduced numbers on yolk sac, eye 75% of normal size, tail short and curved sideways, indistinct somites. | Jiang et al. 1996, van Eeden et al. 1996, Kelsh et al., 1996 |
| who-cares woe |
tr221z | d5 | Retinotectal projection phenotype: Dorsal retinal axons terminate dorsally and ventrally in the tectum. Little spontaneous movement on d5, but normal reaction to touch. | Trowe et al. 1996 | |
| wicked brain win |
tk254a | d1 | embryonic lethal | d1, slightly disorganized hindbrain, thinner mid-hindbrain boundary, slightly degenerated brain. d2, brain appears normal. d3, small eyes, necrotic head. d5 thinner spinal cord, thicker somites, general retardation. | Jiang et al. 1996 |
| wirbel wir |
ty44a, tm15d | d1 | embryonic lethal | d1, curly tail down. Strongly reduced touch response, no spontaneous motility, stretches out if dechorionated. | Brand et al. 1996a, Granato et al. 1996a |
| yobo yob |
tk13, ty44d, tc251 | d2 | adult viable | Reduced xanthophore pigmentation. d4, cells weakly yellow, fluorescence present, cells not as dendritic. No obvious pigmentation phenotype in homozygous adults, but smaller eye. Homozygous females cause a maternal effect phenotype in the offspring: Variable head and tail deletions. | Odenthal et al. 1996a, Kelsh et al. 1996, Haffter et al. 1996b, Kane et al. 1996 |
| yocca yoc |
tm86 | d3 | adult viable | d2, reduced xanthophore pigmentaion, brownish cells present in head. d4, weak fluorescence in tail, but normal in trunk and head. d6, subtle xanthophore pigmentation phenotype, yellow pigment present in head, trunk and tail, diffuse greenish fluorescence in tail. | Odenthal et al. 1996a, Kelsh et al. 1996 |
| you-too yot |
ty17a, ty119 | 20som | embryonic lethal | Phenotype of y119 homozygotes: d1, no horizontal myoseptum, no motility, dorsal aorta above yolk extension is missing. Mutants can be sorted at 18 somite stage. No engrailed positive cells in somites of y119 homozygotes, 4 out of 6 siblings had a reduced number of engrailed positive cells which might be a dominant effect. d3, variable reduction of touch response, eyes turned in to variable degrees, but no eye fusion. No circulation in tail, weak circulation in head, arches hang down. Retinotectal axons project to the contralateral and/or ipsilateral tecta. | van Eeden et al. 1996, Brand et al. 1996a, Chen et al. 1996, Karlstrom et al. 1996, Granato et al. 1996a, Piotrowski et al. 1996 |
| yquem yqe |
tp61 | d1 | embryonic lethal | Photosensitive, autofluorescent erythrocytes. In constant light, there are no cells in circulation and extensive pericardial edema from da2 onward. Lethal by d5. More severe phenotype than freixenet. | Ransom et al. 1996 |
| zickzack ziz |
tf4d, tq286b | d1 | embryonic lethal | Sideways undulated notochord, no dorso-ventral undulations. | Odenthal et al. 1996 |
| ziehharmonika zim |
tm205, tm206 (lost), tf222a | d1 | embryonic lethal | Uncoordinated contraction of trunk muscles resulting in a contracted wavy notochord, 10 to 20% shorter than wild type. Eventually becoming completely immotile. | Granato et al. 1996a, Odenthal et al. 1996 |
| zinfandel zin |
te207 | d2 | embryonic lethal | Hypochromic blood and variably decreasing number of blood cells. Dominant, but viable when transmitted by either male or female parent alone. | Ransom et al. 1996 |
| zombie zom |
ta94, te317, tq285 | 5som | embryonic lethal | d0, necrosis beginning at early somite stages or late epiboly, development slowing down before somitogenesis, concentration of necrotic cells on the dorsal side. Notochord present, sometimes a hint of small somites but no muscle fibres. 20h, cells round, difficult to see nuclei using nomarski optics. | Kane et al. 1996a |
| zwangsjacke zja |
ta65a | d3 | adult viable | Slow hatching, hatching gland looks morphologically normal. | Hammerschmidt et al. 1996 |
| zwart zwa |
tp93, tj213 | d4 | Expanded melanophores, do not swim very far after touch, frequently lying on the side, not very active, eyes can move. | Kelsh et al. 1996, Granato et al. 1996a |
From: Haffter, P., Granato, M., Brand, M., Mullins, M. C., Hammerschmidt, M., Kane, D. A., Odenthal, J., van Eeden, F. J. M., Jiang, Y.-J., Heisenberg, C.-P., Kelsh, R. N., Furutani-Seiki, M., Vogelsang, E., Beuchle, D., Schach, U., Fabian, C. and Nüsslein-Volhard, C. (1996). The identification of genes with unique and essential functions in the development of the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Development 123, 1-36.
A-H | I-P | Phenotypic groups
last modified
2006-08-29